Decongestants
NHS information about decongestant medicines, including what they're for, the different types, side effects and who can use them.
What decongestants are for
Decongestants are used to relive the symptoms of a blocked or stuffy nose.
They can help with:
They work by reducing swelling inside your nose and sinuses, helping you breathe more easily.
Types of decongestants
There are two main types of decongestants:
- tablets, capsules, liquids or powder you mix with water, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine
- nasal sprays or drops, such as xylometazoline and oxymetazoline
Some decongestants come combined with other types of medicine, such as painkillers and antihistamines.
Speak to a pharmacist if you're not sure what type of decongestant to use.
How to use decongestants
How you use a decongestant depends on the type. Always follow the instructions in the leaflet that comes with your medicine.
Do not use more than 1 decongestant at a time. Many cough and cold medicines contain decongestants, so always check the label.
Side effects of decongestants
Like all medicines, decongestants can cause side effects, but not everyone gets them. Possible side effects depend on the type of decongestant you're using.
Common side effects of decongestants can include:
- headaches
- feeling sick (nausea)
- stinging, dryness or discomfort in your nose when using nasal drops or sprays
- a dry mouth, dizziness and difficulty sleeping when taking pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Who can and cannot use decongestants
Most adults can use decongestants.
Check the leaflet that comes with the medicine before giving a decongestant to a child, as not all decongestants are suitable for children.
Decongestants are not suitable for everyone. Speak to a GP or pharmacist before using decongestants if:
- you have high blood pressure
- you have heart disease
- you have diabetes
- you have glaucoma
- you have thyroid problems
- you have an enlarged prostate
- you're breastfeeding
- you're taking any other medicines
Do not use decongestants if you're pregnant. A GP or pharmacist may be able to recommend a different medicine.
